Microsoft Windows is the name of several families of computer software operating systems created by Microsoft. All versions of Microsoft Windows are commercial proprietary software. Windows Embedded Compact Windows CE is a variation of Microsoft's Windows operating system for minimalistic computers and embedded systems. Windows CE is a distinctly different kernel, rather than a trimmed-down version of desktop Windows.

Windows Mobile is Microsoft's discontinued line of operating systems for smartphones. Windows Phone is Microsoft's discontinued line of operating systems for smartphones. The Windows NT kernel powers all recent Windows operating systems. Windows Embedded CE 6. Installing Windows requires an internal or external optical drive, or a USB flash drive.

A keyboard and mouse are the recommended input devices, though some versions support a touchscreen. For operating systems prior to Vista, an optical drive must be capable of reading CD media, while in Windows Vista onwards, such a drive must be DVD-compatible.

The drive may be detached after installing Windows. Maximum limits on physical memory RAM that Windows can address vary depending on both the Windows version and between IA and x64 versions.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Comparison overview of Microsoft Windows versions. Main article: Timeline of Microsoft Windows. Archived from the original on Retrieved Microsoft Support. Retrieved February 5, Archived from the original on December 31, Windows Hardware Development. May 11, Retrieved 2 September December Archived from the original on May 11, Microsoft Windows. Components History Timeline Criticism. Windows 1. Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows Me.

Embedded Compact CE 5. Phone 7 Phone 8 Phone 8. Cairo Nashville Neptune Odyssey. List of versions Comparison Category. Categories : Microsoft Windows Operating system comparisons.

Hidden categories: Pages using the EasyTimeline extension Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from November Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Janus 3. Windows 3. Unsupported [1]. IA , IA , x Windows Server Windows Server R2.

Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs. Windows Home Server. Windows Home Server IA , x , ARMv7. Original Release. IA , x , x86 , ARMv7. Desktop, Workstation, Multi-touch, IoT. November Update. Anniversary Update. Creators Update. Fall Creators Update. April Update. October Update. May Update. Windows Embedded Compact 7. Standard, POSReady. Windows Pocket PC Windows Phone 7. ARM [ citation needed ]. MS-DOS 7. Partial OSR 2.

Windows Update. Windows 98 Second Edition. Yes except on CDFS volumes. Yes if the Ion USB update is installed. Windows Update if Internet Explorer 5 or later is installed. Yes 3. Yes USB 2. Yes 7. IA NT5. Yes Professional Edition only. Yes in SP2.

Yes 9. IA , Itanium , x Yes in SP1. IA , x Yes Yes USB 3. Itanium , x Windows Store , PowerShell. Silverlight WinRT.

Microsoft Store. Yes OSR2 or above. Network Drive. Yes 1. Windows NT 3. Yes v1. Yes 2. Windows NT 4. Windows Professional. Windows XP Bit Edition. Windows HPC Server Windows RT.

 
 

 

Windows server 2012 r2 foundation ram limit free

 

Client licenses are required for each user or device that connects indirectly or directly to the server. For example, if you use the server as a file server, you will need a CAL for each user account or computer that accesses this file server on the network. Virtualization Rights The unlimited number of virtual machines or Hyper-V containers. As stated above, you will buy licenses depending on how many cores you have on the hosts.

At this point, you can run as many virtual machines as you like on the hosts using any role. Licensing model based on cores. Make sure that you do not accidentally select this release when installing on a physical server that does not host virtual machines. Client licenses are required for each user or device that connects indirectly or directly to servers in your environment. Although the prices for Windows Server R2, , are the same, if you are using a standard license or a Datacenter license for Windows Server or later, there are some key changes that you need to be aware of.

Thus, if you have a server containing 2 processors with 24 cores, in Windows Server you will only need to buy one Standard or Datacenter license. In Windows Server , you will have to buy licenses for all 24 cores. This becomes quite difficult, as there are many rules, but the main thing is that if you have a core server, the costs will be approximately the same. However, OS licensing may be more expensive on servers with a higher core density. Despite the change to the core license, the virtualization rules remain the same in Windows Server and later.

Once you have licensed all your cores on the server, with the standard version you get 2 licenses for the Windows Server guest OS compared to the unlimited number in the Datacenter version. Also, the features in Windows Server Standard and Datacenter were the same. But some features of Windows Server , such as Storage Spaces Direct or shielded virtual machines, are only available in the Datacenter release. Standard and Datacenter editions offer a variety of installation options. These options affect what features will be available after installation, such as a graphical user interface and a set of services.

The following installation options are available:. Desktop Experience is an installation option that most people are familiar with. This option installs most of the functions and roles out of the box, including the desktop GUI. You will receive the Server Manager, which allows you to add and remove roles and components. The advantage is that the system can be easier to manage for people who are used to using a graphical interface. The downside is that you have more updates, reboots, and open ports to deal with.

Learn more from Microsoft here. The Server Core lacks a graphical interface and several roles that are installed by default under the Desktop Experience option. The server core has less disk space and, therefore, a smaller attack area due to the smaller codebase.

There are also fewer updates, reboots, and open ports to work with. This is a great option for infrastructure servers such as Active Directory domain controllers and DNS servers. This edition lacks accessibility tools, built-in server configuration tools, and sound support. This version is no frills. It will not be amiss to make sure that you are familiar with command-line administration. You can read more about this on Microsoft's site. Starting with Windows Server , Nano is only available as a containerized image of the operating system.

It is designed to run as a container inside a container host, such as the Server Core mentioned above. If you rely on container applications designed for server OS, then you will use this version to compile these applications.

Nano can be deployed using Standard or Datacenter versions, but you must have Software Assurance attached to the host server licensing. You can learn more about this on the website of Microsoft. By signing up you agree to the Terms of Service. Tutorials Instructions Windows Server: versions, editions, licensing. William Bell. April 17, What is the end of support? What is the Windows Server edition? Differences between editions of Windows Server R2 To help understand some of the differences between OS editions, let's look at an example of Windows Server R2: Foundation is a general-purpose server OS that is best suited for lower-level servers.

The Foundation edition not available in Windows Server is limited to 15 users, which makes it suitable only for small offices. Foundation is only available through OEMs, which usually means it is preinstalled on computers that you buy from companies such as Dell and HPE. Essentials formerly SBS or Small Business Server is an easy-to-configure server solution that supports up to 25 users and 50 devices, making it suitable for small offices. Standard does not restrict users, but unlike Foundation and Essentials, you will have to purchase Client Access Licenses CALs separately, depending on how many people you need to support.

If you are interested in virtualization, this release will allow you to use the Hyper-V hypervisor to run up to two virtual instances of the operating system additional virtual instances of Windows Server will require additional costs on the same physical hardware, which makes the Standard edition suitable for a lightly virtualized environment.

Datacenter is the best and most expensive edition of Windows Server. Windows Server R2 Datacenter is almost identical to the standard version with one big exception.

With the Datacenter license, you can run an unlimited number of virtual instances with Windows Server as a guest OS on a single dual-processor computer. This small difference has a big impact, as companies can save by running dozens of OS instances on a single server. In any large-scale deployment, imaging technology will be one of your strongest allies. Microsoft has continued to evolve its imaging process through enhancements made to the Windows Deployment Services WDS role.

WDS is covered in the Cert Guide , but in this section, we will assume you already have a prebuilt image and are looking to perform offline servicing of the image. So what is meant by servicing an image, and why offline? Historically speaking, updates to images required the administrator to deploy a new computer from the image, run through any customizations or updates, repackage the image, and upload it back to the repository.

This is often a lengthy process—especially when only minor updates are required. For these instances, Microsoft has provided the ability to inject updates to a Windows image file. Scenarios in which images require updating include. DISM takes the legwork out of the mix by enabling an administrator to mount the image file, similar to mounting a hard disk, and issue commands to update the image.

When the updating is complete, changes are committed to the image and the file is unmounted, in which case the image is ready for the next deployment. Some key points and best practices to consider when using DISM:. DISM is typically used for updating offline images, but it can also be used to update servers that are online especially in cases when you need a fast method to standardize or update to a higher edition of Windows. There are several parameters you should understand when servicing images.

Table outlines some of the key parameters:. Used to gather information from the image file such as index number, image name, description, and image size.

Parameter used to mount the image. When mounting the image, you must also specify an in index number or the name associated with the image. Directory in which the image is mounted to. For optimal performance, this should be on the local computer that is updating the image. Use this switch when experiencing trouble with mounting images that might have been previously mounted. Adds one or more install packages or cabinet files.

When applying multiple packages, packages are listed in the order in which they should be installed. Adds a driver to the offline image. Produces a list of Packages from the mounted image in the mount directory. Unmounts the image. Used to change an offline windows image to a higher edition. This list is introduces only a few of the DISM parameters. The first thing you need to do is obtain a copy of the source image. In this example, we will use one of the default Windows image files found on the Server installation media and extracted by a WDS server.

To enable a feature in an offline image, perform the following steps:. Using either the index number or name of the image, mount the image to a temporary mount directory. This will extract the contents of the image Figure to a directory structure in the temp mount directory specified. This process might take time depending on the speed of your computer. Review the current state of the Remote-Desktop-Services feature.

Shown in Figure , take notice that the feature is currently disabled. Enable the Remote-Desktop-Services feature in the offline image by executing the command shown in Figure Commit changes to the image and unmount the. This will repackage the image file with the changes made.

It might take some time depending on the speed of your computer. When unmounting images, it is important to close all windows and applications, especially File Explorer windows. This will help prevent locks during the unmounting process. As discussed previously, remote management of servers is extremely helpful for an administrator, especially in scenarios in which your organization is driving a centralized management approach or if you are managing a group of Server Core installations.

Before remote management can occur, the remote servers must be configured to enable remote management. This is on by default for new installations but can be changed by navigating to the Local Server properties of Server Manager as shown in Figure Figure Server Manager Remote Management.

To enable remote management on legacy systems, you might be required to perform additional configuration steps, such as enabling WMI through the Windows Firewall service. Once enabled for remote management, use the Add other servers to manage feature from the Server Manager Dashboard. The Add Servers dialog enables you to search for remote servers using Active Directory by importing a list from a text file or by using DNS as shown in Figure Figure Add Servers Dialog Box.

To perform a remote administrative task, such as Adding Roles and Features, highlight the remote server and right-click to bring up the list of remote management options as shown in Figure Figure Adding Roles and Features Remotely.

In situations where different security boundaries—such as managing between workgroups or domains—exist, you might consider using the Manage As function to first supply the necessary authoritative credentials. From this point, step through the Add Roles and Features Wizard as you have done previously. The only difference this time is to select the remote server previously added.

To ensure the proper remote server is selected, take note of the destination server listed in the upper-right corner of the dialog box, as shown in Figure After you have installed the role, you now have the ability to manage and configure services associated with the role centrally from Server Manager on your managing server. In addition to Server Manager, PowerShell can be another powerful tool to simplify the installation and management of server roles remotely.

Using PowerShell, an administrator can perform a series of commands. Some common commands are outlined in Table Windows services have been around for some time. If you recall, a service is an application that runs in the background without a traditional user interface or requiring user interaction to complete its core function.

Services and their configurations are stored in a database known as the Service Control Database. Information is also stored under subkeys located in the Registry. Many services are installed and configured by default when the operating system or additional roles are installed. Depending on the scenario, some services require additional configuration and management.

As with all administrative operations, managing services also requires the proper permissions. Members of the local administrators group, account operators, domain admins, or higher all have the ability to manage services by default.

Microsoft has provided two methods for managing services, the services. An administrator will use these methods to perform the following:.

To manage services via a GUI, use the Services. The services snap-in, as shown in Figure , can be launched by searching for services. In the instances where services need to be managed remotely from a central console, you can add the Services snap-in to a custom Microsoft Management Console. To do this, launch the MMC application from the Search charm, add the Services snap-in to the console, and specify the name of another computer or browse to it using the Browse button as shown in Figure Figure Remote Services Management.

Regardless of local or remote, a handful of items are configurable from the Services snap-in. Each service listed has a series of configurable properties. As you can see, several configurable items are grouped into different tabs as outlined in Table Used to configure the account used to start the service upon boot up. In most cases, this is defaulted to the Local Service or System built in accounts. If a specific account has been delegated the ability to run the service, this tab provides the ability to supply the authoritative credentials.

Commonly used SC commands are listed in Table Queries a server for Service Status. Creates a new service in the Service Control Managers database. The startup type, location to the binary path, display name, and so on are among the configuration options for this command.

These are only a few of the options available for the SC command. Multiple network interface cards are joined together and operate as a single entity. Previously, NIC Teaming was left for the manufacturers to provide a tool. From the NIC Teaming interface, highlight the available adapters to be added to the team as shown in Figure Confirm that all appropriate adapters are checked. Figure New Team Dialog Box. Expand the Additional Properties drop-down and choose the appropriate Teaming mode.

The following modes can be selected:. This is the most common teaming method as it supports just about any Ethernet switch. The passive links stand by and take over during a failover event resulting from the active link failing. The use of enterprise classed managed switches is required.

After you have successfully configured a NIC Team, a new logical adapter will be available for management under the Network and Sharing Center. From here, you can manage adapter settings much like you have done previously with a traditional adapter. There are many scenarios and configurations for NIC Teaming. To create a new NIC Team, execute the following command:.

To remove the NIC Team, execute the command:. I would like to receive exclusive offers and hear about products from Pearson IT Certification and its family of brands. I can unsubscribe at any time. Pearson Education, Inc. This privacy notice provides an overview of our commitment to privacy and describes how we collect, protect, use and share personal information collected through this site.

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All rights reserved. TIP When delegating administrative tasks, it is a good practice to create separate delegate accounts for users. NOTE Before using administrative tools, you must first ensure that the necessary access rights have been granted and that you have addressed any prerequisites, such as. TIP DISM is typically used for updating offline images, but it can also be used to update servers that are online especially in cases when you need a fast method to standardize or update to a higher edition of Windows.

NOTE To enable remote management on legacy systems, you might be required to perform additional configuration steps, such as enabling WMI through the Windows Firewall service. NOTE In situations where different security boundaries—such as managing between workgroups or domains—exist, you might consider using the Manage As function to first supply the necessary authoritative credentials.

Overview Pearson Education, Inc. Collection and Use of Information To conduct business and deliver products and services, Pearson collects and uses personal information in several ways in connection with this site, including: Questions and Inquiries For inquiries and questions, we collect the inquiry or question, together with name, contact details email address, phone number and mailing address and any other additional information voluntarily submitted to us through a Contact Us form or an email.

Surveys Pearson may offer opportunities to provide feedback or participate in surveys, including surveys evaluating Pearson products, services or sites. Contests and Drawings Occasionally, we may sponsor a contest or drawing. Newsletters If you have elected to receive email newsletters or promotional mailings and special offers but want to unsubscribe, simply email information informit.

 
 

Windows server 2012 r2 foundation ram limit free

 
 
Windows Server Foundation is available to OEMs Original Equipment Manufacturers only and therefore can only be purchased at the time of purchasing a n new hardware server. Allows users to run applications, use foundatiob devices and peripherals but not make administrative changes. Despite the источник to the core license, the virtualization rules remain the same in Windows Server and later. Resource blocks are used to configure specific resources. Spice 4 flag Report.